Salmonella and Campylobacter in broilers at slaughter age: a possible source for carcasses contamination in Ecuador
Salmonella was first discovered from abdominal lymph nodes and the spleen of typhoid patients by Karl Joseph Eberth and Rudolf Virchow in 1879. This discovery was confirmed by Robert Koch but it was only in 1884 when Salmon and Smith isolated the bacillus from hogs that the genus Salmonella was name...
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| Formato: | Tesis de Maestría |
| Lenguaje: | eng |
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Gent / Universidad de Gante
2017
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| Acceso en línea: | http://repositorio.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/handle/28000/4311 |
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| Sumario: | Salmonella was first discovered from abdominal lymph nodes and the spleen of typhoid patients by Karl Joseph Eberth and Rudolf Virchow in 1879. This discovery was confirmed by Robert Koch but it was only in 1884 when Salmon and Smith isolated the bacillus from hogs that the genus Salmonella was named (Me?trovi?, 2015). Salmonella belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. There are 2 species of Salmonella: Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. The former species is subdivided in 6 subspecies, namely S. enterica subspecies enterica, S. enterica subspecies salamae, S. enterica subspecies arizonae, S. enterica subspecies diarizonae, S. enterica subspecies houtenae and S. enterica subspecies indica (Win et al., 2008).
Salmonella are Gram-negative rods of 0.7 to 1.5 ?m wide and 2.0 to 5.0 ?m long. These bacteria are motile due to the presence of peritrichous flagella. Only S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum (responsible of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease respectively) are not motile serotypes. Biochemical identification of the Salmonella spp. can be performed (Table 1). Most clinical important Salmonella are positive for methyl red, citrate, fermentation of glucose, arginine dihydrolase, and decarboxylation of lysine and ornithine. Additionally, they are negative for indol, Voges Proskauer and urease test (Stanchi et al., 2007). The Kauffman-White scheme, first published in 1929, classifies Salmonella in more than 2600 serotypes based on somatic lipopolysaccharide (O), flagellar (H) and capsular (Vi) antigens (Grimont and Weill, 2008).
Most clinically relevant Salmonella serotypes are included in S. enterica subspecies enterica (from now on S. enterica subspecies enterica will be referred as Salmonella). Within this group Salmonella serotypes can be divided in two groups: typhoidal salmonellae and non-typhoidal salmonellae. Typhoidal salmonellae are human restricted or human adapted serotypes and include S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, S. Paratyphi B and S. Paratyphi C. The nontyphoidal salmonellae group includes host generalist Salmonella (human and animal hosts) as S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, host-adapted Salmonella (which have a small number of hosts) as S. Choleraesuis (swine host) and host-restricted Salmonella (with a specific host) as S. Gallinarum or. S. Pullorum (Barrow and Methner, 2013). |
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