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Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.

The industrialization of agriculture has led to lower efficiency and greater dependence on non-renewable energy. Organic agriculture and traditional agriculture are thus potential alternatives. Cacao is a major crop in Ecuador. However, information on the energy efficiency and economic performance o...

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Autor Principal: P?rez Neira, David
Formato: Artículos
Lenguaje:eng
Publicado: 2017
Materias:
ENERGY ANALYSIS
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUSTAINABILITY
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
AGROECOLOGY
Acceso en línea:http://repositorio.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/handle/28000/4022
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spelling oai:localhost:28000-40222017-04-13T15:00:50Z Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management. P?rez Neira, David ENERGY ANALYSIS NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AGROECOLOGY The industrialization of agriculture has led to lower efficiency and greater dependence on non-renewable energy. Organic agriculture and traditional agriculture are thus potential alternatives. Cacao is a major crop in Ecuador. However, information on the energy efficiency and economic performance of Ecuadorian cacao in relation to the production management system is rare and basically inexistent in the case of organic management. Therefore, we studied here the energy and economic performance of the cacao production in the province of Guayas, Ecuador. Four types of management were identified in the province: traditional, semi-intensive, technified, and organic. On the basis of primary data, input-output and energy efficiency were estimated, with special attention given to the use of non-renewable energy and the monetary profitability of each management system. The total energy inputs of the different forms of management have been estimated at 3.04 for traditional, 12.47 for semi-intensive, 24.53 for technified, and 9.77 GJ ha?1 for organic. Irrigation, fertilization, and crop protection are the most important inputs for all four types of management, ranging between 85.7 and 97.7 %. The non-renewable external energy return on the investment (EROI) has been estimated at 1:2.93 for traditional, 1:1.85 for semi-intensive, 1:1.47 for technified, and 1:3.07 for organic. The different forms of management earned a net margin of 484 for traditional, 1051 for semi-intensive, 2323 for technified, and $1565 ha?1 for organic. Our findings show that the intensification of cacao production increases the net margin per hectare in relation to traditional cacao production, while it significantly reduces its non-renewable external EROI. Well-managed organic farms allow improving non-renewable external EROI by comparison with technified or semi-intensive management strategies, and it also improves the economic performance in relation to semi-intensive systems. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-016-0386-6 2017-04-12T18:22:41Z 2017-04-12T18:22:41Z 2016 article P?rez, David. (2016).Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.Agronomy for Sustainable Development. Francia. pp.36-49 http://repositorio.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/handle/28000/4022 eng DOI;10.1007/s13593-016-0386-6 closedAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ec/ pp.36-49
institution SENESCYT
collection Repositorio SENESCYT
biblioteca Biblioteca Senescyt
language eng
format Artículos
topic ENERGY ANALYSIS
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUSTAINABILITY
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
AGROECOLOGY
spellingShingle ENERGY ANALYSIS
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUSTAINABILITY
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
AGROECOLOGY
P?rez Neira, David
Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.
description The industrialization of agriculture has led to lower efficiency and greater dependence on non-renewable energy. Organic agriculture and traditional agriculture are thus potential alternatives. Cacao is a major crop in Ecuador. However, information on the energy efficiency and economic performance of Ecuadorian cacao in relation to the production management system is rare and basically inexistent in the case of organic management. Therefore, we studied here the energy and economic performance of the cacao production in the province of Guayas, Ecuador. Four types of management were identified in the province: traditional, semi-intensive, technified, and organic. On the basis of primary data, input-output and energy efficiency were estimated, with special attention given to the use of non-renewable energy and the monetary profitability of each management system. The total energy inputs of the different forms of management have been estimated at 3.04 for traditional, 12.47 for semi-intensive, 24.53 for technified, and 9.77 GJ ha?1 for organic. Irrigation, fertilization, and crop protection are the most important inputs for all four types of management, ranging between 85.7 and 97.7 %. The non-renewable external energy return on the investment (EROI) has been estimated at 1:2.93 for traditional, 1:1.85 for semi-intensive, 1:1.47 for technified, and 1:3.07 for organic. The different forms of management earned a net margin of 484 for traditional, 1051 for semi-intensive, 2323 for technified, and $1565 ha?1 for organic. Our findings show that the intensification of cacao production increases the net margin per hectare in relation to traditional cacao production, while it significantly reduces its non-renewable external EROI. Well-managed organic farms allow improving non-renewable external EROI by comparison with technified or semi-intensive management strategies, and it also improves the economic performance in relation to semi-intensive systems.
author P?rez Neira, David
author_facet P?rez Neira, David
author_sort P?rez Neira, David
title Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.
title_short Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.
title_full Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.
title_fullStr Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.
title_full_unstemmed Energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.
title_sort energy efficiency of cacao agroforestry under traditional and organic management.
publishDate 2017
url http://repositorio.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/handle/28000/4022
_version_ 1634995212970360832
score 11,871979

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